Lex Fridman Podcast

Ankur Moitra, Steven Brunton and Alex Kontorovich are three mathematicians who can speak to this incredible moment in the history of mathematics, when AI solved some of its hardest problems: Navier-Stokes, the quasi-Riemann hypothesis, the unique games conjecture and hundreds of other problems. Ankur Moitra is a mathematician at MIT (visiting the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton) working in theoretical computer science, who can speak to the unique games conjecture, complexity theory and the mathematics of how AI learns. Steven Brunton is a mathematician and fluid dynamics expert at UW, who can speak to Navier-Stokes, turbulence and machine learning for fluid dynamics. Alex Kontorovich is a mathematician at Rutgers specializing in number theory, who can speak to the Riemann hypothesis, Lean and machine-checked proofs.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep503-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/math-ai-crisis-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

Ankur’s Website: https://people.csail.mit.edu/moitra/

Alex’s X: https://x.com/AlexKontorovich

Alex’s Website: https://sites.math.rutgers.edu/~alexk/

Steven’s X: https://x.com/eigensteve

Steven’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@Eigensteve

Steven’s Website: https://eigensteve.com

Lean: https://lean-lang.org/

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.

Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex

Fin: AI agent for customer service.

Go to https://fin.ai/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

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Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases.

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Shopify: Sell stuff online.

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NetSuite: Business management software.

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Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(01:58) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(09:53) – Crisis moment in mathematics

(18:10) – Will AI “solve” mathematics?

(34:21) – Can AI create new math?

(1:13:53) – Riemann hypothesis

(1:37:45) – Navier-Stokes

(2:03:42) – How nature computes

(2:12:35) – Unique Games Conjecture and complexity theory

(2:27:28) – How mathematicians think

(2:41:05) – Is math invented or discovered?

(2:47:13) – Can AI solve P vs NP?

(2:57:28) – Why LLMs work so well

(3:11:54) – Problems AI can’t solve yet

(3:16:23) – Grigori Perelman

(3:25:41) – Advice for young people

Andrew Scull is a historian of psychiatry.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep502-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/andrew-scull-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

Andrew’s Website (UCSD faculty page): https://sociology.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/emeritus/andrew-scull.html

Desperate Remedies (book): https://amzn.to/4vmBquI

Madness in Civilization (book): https://amzn.to/3SZhd0I

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.

Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex

Fin: AI agent for customer service.

Go to https://fin.ai/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.

Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(01:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(08:10) – Crisis in Psychiatry

(37:48) – Categories of Mental Illness

(45:07) – Asylums, Eugenics, and the Nazis

(57:13) – The Ice Pick Lobotomy

(1:03:26) – Malaria “Cure” for Syphilis

(1:21:42) – Insulin Coma Therapy

(1:29:34) – Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

(1:49:03) – One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest

(2:06:35) – Freud and Psychoanalysis

(2:36:30) – WWII and Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

(2:57:04) – Antipsychotics

(3:20:24) – Antidepressants

(3:33:18) – Future of Psychiatry

PODCAST LINKS:

– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast

– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr

– Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/082a1V6nazH9ZZqskV1vfz

– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/

– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4

– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

DHH is the creator of Ruby on Rails, Omarchy Linux, CTO of 37signals, and a racecar driver.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep501-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/dhh-2-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

DHH’s X: https://x.com/dhh

DHH’s Blog: https://world.hey.com/dhh

Omarchy: https://omarchy.org

Ruby on Rails: https://rubyonrails.org

37signals: https://37signals.com

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.

Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex

Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases.

Go to https://blitzy.com/lex

NetSuite: Business management software.

Go to http://netsuite.ai/lex

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

Plaud: AI-powered note-taking devices and software.

Go to https://plaud.ai/lex

Higgsfield AI: AI-based video generation, filmmaking, and creative studio.

Go to https://higgsfield.ai

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(01:14) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(08:56) – Programming with AI agents

(24:14) – How software will change

(33:30) – AI impact on open source

(43:21) – Building Omarchy Linux distro

(53:05) – Vibe coding vs agentic engineering

(1:06:06) – The end of manual programming

(1:16:24) – Advice for programmers

(1:28:31) – Surviving Internet Hate

(1:37:46) – Programming setup for AI Agents

(1:50:11) – Obsessing about speed

(2:13:06) – Voice prompting vs typing

(2:27:05) – Best AI coding models

(2:43:55) – Best AI coding harnesses

(2:56:57) – AI video generation and filmmaking

(3:16:28) – Fatherhood

(3:44:35) – Linux will win the desktop

(3:55:51) – PewDiePie

(4:05:25) – Future of programming

(4:28:18) – Politics and immigration

(4:59:55) – Longevity, over-optimization, and fear of death

(5:11:38) – Eternal recurrence and future of human civization

Khabib Nurmagomedov is one of the greatest fighters of all time, who retired from the UFC undefeated with a perfect 29-0 record. We did this conversation entirely in Russian. It’s translated and dubbed into English. Both language audio tracks (and subtitles) are available on YouTube. Here, only the English audio is available. We worked hard to make it enjoyable to listen to, by carefully dubbing the translation using voice-cloning, as we’ve done for previous foreign-language podcasts.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep500-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/khabib-nurmagomedov-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

Khabib’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/khabib_nurmagomedov/

Khabib’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@KhabibTheEagle

Khabib’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/KhabibTheEagle/

Khabib’s X: https://x.com/TeamKhabib

Khabib’s Telegram: https://t.me/khabib_nurmagomedov

Khabib’s Website: https://khabib.com

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.

Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.

Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(01:29) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(08:24) – Why Dagestan produces so many great fighters

(18:31) – History of Dagestan warrior culture

(27:51) – Hard training in the mountains of Dagestan

(31:42) – The trap of fame, money, and power

(42:23) – The key to Khabib’s dominance

(53:36) – Discipline and hard work

(1:06:04) – Street fights in Dagestan

(1:19:45) – Khabib’s top pressure

(1:25:29) – Khabib vs Conor McGregor

(1:38:14) – Khabib’s toughest fight

(1:46:02) – Greatest MMA fighters of all time

(2:03:46) – Coaching

(2:09:19) – Daniel Cormier

(2:13:38) – Islam Makhachev

(2:23:35) – Dana White

(2:27:05) – Joe Rogan

(2:29:20) – Ali Abdelaziz

(2:31:57) – Football

(2:39:12) – Messi vs Ronaldo

(2:57:12) – Dubai

(3:01:03) – God

(3:08:46) – Advice for young people

Gary Gallagher is a historian of the American Civil War.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep499-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/gary-gallagher-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

Gary’s UVA page: https://history.virginia.edu/people/gary-w-gallagher

Gary’s Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_W._Gallagher

The Confederate War (book): https://amzn.to/4yletel

The Union War (book): https://amzn.to/3QT1jED

Lee and His Generals in War and Memory (book): https://amzn.to/4fdrbD5

Causes Won, Lost, and Forgotten (book): https://amzn.to/4wFxk1X

The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History (book): https://amzn.to/4vsAogU

The Great Courses – The American Civil War: https://bit.ly/4gDX3mQ

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers.

Go to https://upwork.com/lex

NetSuite: Business management software.

Go to http://netsuite.ai/lex

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.

Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

Plaud: AI-powered note-taking devices and software.

Go to https://plaud.ai/lex

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(00:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(08:36) – What caused the Civil War?

(18:33) – Slavery

(46:07) – Lincoln

(1:01:03) – Grant vs Lee

(1:09:57) – Could the Civil War have been avoided?

(1:19:23) – The bloodiest war in US history

(1:36:31) – How the Confederate Army could’ve won

(1:57:05) – Key battles of the Civil War

(2:20:07) – Best and Worst Presidents

(2:34:06) – Robert E. Lee

(2:53:40) – The most important battle of the Civil War

(3:03:51) – The final showdown of the Civil War – Grant vs Lee

(3:26:10) – Lost Cause and Confederate Monuments

(3:43:37) – Extreme political division in US