Theories of Everything with Curt Jaimungal

• The AI Math That Left Number Theorists Speechless

  Head on over to https://cell.ver.so/TOE and use coupon code TOE at checkout to save 15% on your first order. Get ready to witness a turning point in mathematical history: in this episode, we dive into the AI breakthroughs that stunned number theorists worldwide. Join us as Professor Yang-Hue Hi discusses the murmuration conjecture, shows how DeepMind, OpenAI, and EpochAI are rewriting the rules of pure math, and reveals what happens when machines start making research-level discoveries faster than any human could. AI is taking us beyond proof straight into the future of discovery. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4gL14b92xAErofYQA7bU4e Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction to a New Paradigm 01:34 The Changing Landscape of Research 03:30 Categories of Machine Learning in Mathematics 06:53 Researchers: Birds vs. Hedgehogs 09:36 Personal Experiences with AI in Research 11:44 The Future Role of Academics 14:08 Presentation on the AI Mathematician 16:14 The Role of Intuition in Discovery 18:00 AI's Assistance in Vague Problem Solving 18:48 Newton and AI: A Historical Perspective 20:59 Literature Processing with AI 24:34 Acknowledging Modern Mathematicians 26:54 The Influence of Data on Mathematical Discovery 30:22 The Riemann Hypothesis and Its Implications 31:55 The BST Conjecture and Data Evolution 33:29 Collaborations and AI Limitations 36:04 The Future of Mathematics and AI 38:31 Image Processing and Mathematical Intuition 41:57 Visual Thinking in Mathematics 49:24 AI-Assisted Discovery in Mathematics 51:34 The Murmuration Conjecture and AI Interaction 57:05 Hierarchies of Difficulty 58:43 The Memoration Breakthrough 1:00:28 Understanding the BSD Conjecture 1:01:45 Diophantine Equations Explained 1:03:39 The Cubic Complexity 1:19:03 Neural Networks and Predictions 1:21:36 Breaking the Birch Test 1:24:44 The BSD Conjecture Clarified 1:26:21 The Role of AI in Discovery 1:30:29 The Memoration Phenomenon 1:32:59 PCA Analysis Insights 1:35:50 The Emergence of Memoration 1:38:35 Conjectures and AI's Role 1:41:29 Generalizing Biases in Mathematics 1:44:55 The Future of AI in Mathematics 1:49:28 The Brave New World of Discovery Links Mentioned: - Topology and Physics (book): https://amzn.to/3ZoneEn - Machine Learning in Pure Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (book): https://amzn.to/4k8SXC6 - The Calabi-Yau Landscape (book): https://amzn.to/43DO7H0 - Yang-Hui’s bio and published papers: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yang-Hui-He - A Triumvirate of AI-Driven Theoretical Discovery (paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.19973 - Edward Frenkel explains the Geometric Langlands Correspondence on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RX1tZv_Nv4Y - Stone Duality (Wiki): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_duality - Summer of Math Exposition: https://some.3b1b.co/ - Machine Learning meets Number Theory: The Data Science of Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.02008 - The L-functions and modular forms database: https://www.lmfdb.org/ - Epoch AI FrontierMath: https://epoch.ai/frontiermath/the-benchmark - Mathematical Beauty (article): https://www.quantamagazine.org/mathematical-beauty-truth-and-proof-in-the-age-of-ai-20250430/ SUPPORT: - Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join - Support me on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal - Support me on Crypto: https://commerce.coinbase.com/checkout/de803625-87d3-4300-ab6d-85d4258834a9 - Support me on PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=XUBHNMFXUX5S4 SOCIALS: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt - Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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• "Explain it to me like I'm five..." okie dokie

  You’ve heard the phrase: “If you can’t explain it to a 5-year-old, you don’t understand it.” But what if that idea is not only false but harmful? In this video, we dismantle one of the most repeated myths in science communication, explore why some truths resist simplification, and reveal what real understanding actually looks like. If you care about learning deeply, or teaching well, this is a must-watch. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Links Mentioned: •⁠ ⁠Algebraic Topology (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/0521795400 •⁠ ⁠Topology and Geometry (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/0387979263 •⁠ ⁠Language isn’t just “low resolution communication” (Substack): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/language-isnt-just-low-resolution •⁠ ⁠Non-analytic smooth function: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-analytic_smooth_function •⁠ ⁠Emily Riehl on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTwvecBthpQ •⁠ ⁠Neil deGrasse Tyson on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhWWlJFwTqs •⁠ ⁠Curt debunking the “all possible paths” myth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcY3ZtgYis0 •⁠ ⁠What does it mean to explore the “ill-defined”? (Substack): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/what-does-it-mean-to-explore-the Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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  19:04
• MIT Physicist: These Black Holes Are Older Than the Universe

  In this episode of Theories of Everything, MIT physicist and historian David Kaiser explores primordial black holes which are hypothetical entities that may have formed before stars or atoms. David discusses their potential role in explaining dark matter, their connections to cosmic inflation, and how they might reshape our understanding of the early universe. This conversation connects the realms of quantum theory, cosmology, and the history of physics. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Links Mentioned: •⁠ ⁠David Kaiser's published papers: https://arxiv.org/a/kaiser_d_1.html •⁠ ⁠Bell, J. S. “On the Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen paradox” (1964): https://cds.cern.ch/record/111654/files/vol1p195-200_001.pdf •⁠ ⁠“Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos from Primordial Black Holes” (2025): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.19227 •⁠ ⁠“Cosmic Bell Test Using Random Measurement Settings from High-Redshift Quasars” (2018): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.05966 •⁠ ⁠“Close Encounters of the Primordial Kind” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.17217 •⁠ ⁠“Primordial Black Holes from Multifield Inflation with Non-minimal Couplings” (2022): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.04471 •⁠ ⁠“Testing Bell’s Inequality with Cosmic Photons” (2013): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1310.3288 •⁠ ⁠“Planck Constraints & Gravitational-Wave Forecasts for PBH Dark Matter Seeded by Multifield Inflation” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.02168 •⁠ ⁠“Light Scalar Fields Foster Production of Primordial Black Holes” (2025): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.13251 •⁠ ⁠“Debye Screening of Non-Abelian Plasmas in Curved Spacetimes” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.15385 •⁠ ⁠“Primordial Black Holes with QCD Color Charge” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.16877 •⁠ ⁠A Brief History of Time – Stephen Hawking: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0553380168 •⁠ ⁠In Search of Schrödinger’s Cat – John Gribbin: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0553342533 •⁠ ⁠How the Hippies Saved Physics – David Kaiser: https://www.amazon.com/dp/039334231X •⁠ ⁠Drawing Theories Apart – David Kaiser: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002Y5W2X2 Timestamps: 00:00 – What Are Primordial Black Holes? 01:41 – Could They Be Dark Matter? 05:21 – Kaiser’s Academic Journey 10:56 – Studying Physics and Its History 11:57 – Cosmic Inflation Basics 15:31 – Direct Collapse vs. Stellar Collapse 25:14 – Bell’s Theorem Explained 38:32 – Quasars and the Cosmic Bell Test 43:04 – High-Precision Astronomy 47:38 – Learning Curves & Interdisciplinary Research 48:17 – Scalar Fields and Inflation Models 55:05 – Black Hole Formation from Inflation 58:41 – Black Hole Mass as a Cosmic Clock 1:02:50 – Quark-Gluon Plasma & Color Charge 1:08:46 – Critical Collapse and Mass Spread 1:11:34 – Charged Primordial Black Holes 1:13:54 – Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Implications 1:20:14 – Detecting Black Holes Locally 1:23:51 – Tracking Planetary Wobbles 1:26:04 – Hawking Radiation & Positron Signatures 1:30:06 – Why Track Mars, Not Earth? #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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  1:56:14
• Demystifying Gödel's Theorem: What It Actually Says

  Gödel’s incompleteness theorem is one of the most misunderstood ideas in science and philosophy. This video cuts through the hype, correcting major misconceptions from pop-science icons and revealing what Gödel actually proved and what he didn’t. If you think his theorem limits human knowledge, think again. The people referenced are Neil deGrasse Tyson, Veritasium, Michio Kaku, and Deepak Chopra. Correction: Veritasium says "everything" not "anything." My foolish verbal flub is corrected in the captions, and the argumentation remains the same. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Links Mentioned: •⁠ ⁠Scott Aaronson | How Much Math Is Knowable?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VplMHWSZf5c •⁠ ⁠The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum-Hypothesis (paper): https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.24.12.556 •⁠ ⁠The Gettier Problem: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/#GettProb •⁠ ⁠Jennifer Nagel on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWZVMZ9Tm7Q •⁠ ⁠Gödel’s First Incompleteness Theorem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Formally_Undecidable_Propositions_of_Principia_Mathematica_and_Related_Systems •⁠ ⁠Roger Penrose on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGm505TFMbU •⁠ ⁠Curt talks with Penrose for IAI: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQM0OtxvZ-Y •⁠ ⁠Bertrand Russell’s Comments: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Russell,_Whitehead_-_Principia_Mathematica,_vol._I,_1910.djvu/84 •⁠ ⁠Gregory Chaitin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMPnrNL3zsE •⁠ ⁠Chaitin on the ‘Rise and Fall of Academia’: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoEuav8G6sY •⁠ ⁠Curt and Neil Tyson Debate Physics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ye9OkJih3-U •⁠ ⁠Gödel’s Completeness Theorem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_completeness_theorem •⁠ ⁠Latham Boyle on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyLeeEFKk04 •⁠ ⁠Gabriele Carcassi on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIQ7CaQX8EI •⁠ ⁠Gabriele Carcassi’s YouTube Channel (Live): https://www.youtube.com/@AssumptionsofPhysicsResearch •⁠ ⁠Robinson Arithmetic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson_arithmetic •⁠ ⁠Algorithmic Information Theory (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/0521616042 •⁠ ⁠The Paris-Harrington Theorem: https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Paris-HarringtonTheorem.html •⁠ ⁠Curt’s Substack: The Mathematics of Self: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/the-mathematics-of-self-why-you-can •⁠ ⁠The Church-Turing Thesis: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/church-turing/ •⁠ ⁠Curt’s Substack: The Most Profound Theorem in Logic You Haven't Heard Of: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/infinity-its-many-models-and-lowenheim Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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  25:00
• The Physicist Who Proved Entropy = Gravity

  What if gravity is not fundamental but emerges from quantum entanglement? In this episode, physicist Ted Jacobson reveals how Einstein’s equations can be derived from thermodynamic principles of the quantum vacuum, reshaping our understanding of space, time, and gravity itself. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction 01:11 The Journey into Physics 04:26 Spirituality and Physics 06:29 Connecting Gravity and Thermodynamics 09:22 The Concept of Rindler Horizons 13:12 The Nature of Quantum Vacuum 20:53 The Duality of Quantum Fields 32:59 Understanding the Equation of State 35:05 Exploring Local Rindler Horizons 47:15 Holographic Duality and Space-Time Emergence 58:19 The Metric and Quantum Fields 59:58 Extensions and Comparisons in Gravity 1:26:26 The Nature of Black Hole Physics 1:31:04 Comparing Theories Links Mentioned:: •⁠ ⁠Ted’s published papers: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QyHAXo8AAAAJ&hl=en •⁠ ⁠Claudia de Rham on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve_Mpd6dGv8 •⁠ ⁠Neil Turok on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNZCa1pVE20 •⁠ ⁠Bisognano–Wichmann theorem: https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/Bisognano-Wichmann+theorem •⁠ ⁠Scott Aaronson and Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rbC3XZr9-c •⁠ ⁠Stephen Wolfram on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YRlQQw0d-4 •⁠ ⁠Ruth Kastner on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BsHh3_vCMQ •⁠ ⁠Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaS1usLeXQM •⁠ ⁠Leonard Susskind on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2p_Hlm6aCok •⁠ ⁠Ted’s talk on black holes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYt2Rm_dXf4 •⁠ ⁠Ted Jacobson: Diffeomorphism invariance and the black hole information paradox: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6kdHge-NNY •⁠ ⁠Bose–Einstein condensate: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose–Einstein_condensate •⁠ ⁠Holographic Thought Experiments (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/0808.2845 •⁠ ⁠Peter Woit and Joseph Conlon on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAaXk_WoQqQ •⁠ ⁠Chiara Marletto on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uey_mUy1vN0 •⁠ ⁠Entanglement Equilibrium and the Einstein Equation (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.04753 •⁠ ⁠Ivette Fuentes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUj2TcZSlZc •⁠ ⁠Unitarity and Holography in Gravitational Physics (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/0808.2842 •⁠ ⁠The dominant model of the universe is cracking (Economist article): https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2024/06/19/the-dominant-model-of-the-universe-is-creaking •⁠ ⁠Suvrat Raju’s published papers: https://www.suvratraju.net/publications •⁠ ⁠Mark Van Raamsdonk’s published papers: https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=k8LsA4YAAAAJ&hl=en •⁠ ⁠Ryu–Takayanagi conjecture: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryu–Takayanagi_conjecture Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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