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• #461 This episdoe has a typo

  Topics covered in this episode: PEP 798: Unpacking in Comprehensions Pandas 3.0.0rc0 typos A couple testing topics Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by us! Support our work through: Our courses at Talk Python Training The Complete pytest Course Patreon Supporters Connect with the hosts Michael: @[email protected] / @mkennedy.codes (bsky) Brian: @[email protected] / @brianokken.bsky.social Show: @[email protected] / @pythonbytes.fm (bsky) Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Monday at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Michael #1: PEP 798: Unpacking in Comprehensions After careful deliberation, the Python Steering Council is pleased to accept PEP 798 – Unpacking in Comprehensions. Examples [*it for it in its] # list with the concatenation of iterables in 'its' {*it for it in its} # set with the union of iterables in 'its' {**d for d in dicts} # dict with the combination of dicts in 'dicts' (*it for it in its) # generator of the concatenation of iterables in 'its' Also: The Steering Council is happy to unanimously accept “PEP 810, Explicit lazy imports” Brian #2: Pandas 3.0.0rc0 Pandas 3.0.0 will be released soon, and we’re on Release candidate 0 Here’s What’s new in Pands 3.0.0 Dedicated string data type by default Inferred by default for string data (instead of object dtype) The str dtype can only hold strings (or missing values), in contrast to object dtype. (setitem with non string fails) The missing value sentinel is always NaN (np.nan) and follows the same missing value semantics as the other default dtypes. Copy-on-Write The result of any indexing operation (subsetting a DataFrame or Series in any way, i.e. including accessing a DataFrame column as a Series) or any method returning a new DataFrame or Series, always behaves as if it were a copy in terms of user API. As a consequence, if you want to modify an object (DataFrame or Series), the only way to do this is to directly modify that object itself. pd.col syntax can now be used in DataFrame.assign() and DataFrame.loc() You can now do this: df.assign(c = pd.col('a') + pd.col('b')) New Deprecation Policy Plus more - Michael #3: typos You’ve heard about codespell … what about typos? VSCode extension and OpenVSX extension. From Sky Kasko: Like codespell, typos checks for known misspellings instead of only allowing words from a dictionary. But typos has some extra features I really appreciate, like finding spelling mistakes inside snake_case or camelCase words. For example, if you have the line: *connecton_string = "sqlite:///my.db"* codespell won't find the misspelling, but typos will. It gave me the output: *error: `connecton` should be `connection`, `connector` ╭▸ ./main.py:1:1 │1 │ connecton_string = "sqlite:///my.db" ╰╴━━━━━━━━━* But the main advantage for me is that typos has an LSP that supports editor integrations like a VS Code extension. As far as I can tell, codespell doesn't support editor integration. (Note that the popular Code Spell Checker VS Code extension is an unrelated project that uses a traditional dictionary approach.) For more on the differences between codespell and typos, here's a comparison table I found in the typos repo: https://github.com/crate-ci/typos/blob/master/docs/comparison.md By the way, though it's not mentioned in the installation instructions, typos is published on PyPI and can be installed with uv tool install typos, for example. That said, I don't bother installing it, I just use the VS Code extension and run it as a pre-commit hook. (By the way, I'm using prek instead of pre-commit now; thanks for the tip on episode #448!) It looks like typos also publishes a GitHub action, though I haven't used it. Brian #4: A couple testing topics slowlify suggested by Brian Skinn Simulate slow, overloaded, or resource-constrained machines to reproduce CI failures and hunt flaky tests. Requires Linux with cgroups v2 Why your mock breaks later Ned Badthelder Ned’s taught us before to “Mock where the object is used, not where it’s defined.” To be more explicit, but probably more confusing to mock-newbies, “don’t mock things that get imported, mock the object in the file it got imported to.” See? That’s probably worse. Anyway, read Ned’s post. If my project myproduct has user.py that uses the system builtin open() and we want to patch it: DONT DO THIS: @patch("builtins.open") This patches open() for the whole system DO THIS: @patch("myproduct.user.open") This patches open() for just the user.py file, which is what we want Apparently this issue is common and is mucking up using coverage.py Extras Brian: The Rise and Rise of FastAPI - mini documentary “Building on Lean” chapter of LeanTDD is out The next chapter I’m working on is “Finding Waste in TDD” Notes to delete before end of show: I’m not on track for an end of year completion of the first pass, so pushing goal to 1/31/26 As requested by a reader, I’m releasing both the full-so-far versions and most-recent-chapter Michael: My Vanishing Gradient’s episode is out Django 6 is out Joke: tabloid - A minimal programming language inspired by clickbait headlines

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• #460 Overlooked Python Typing

  Topics covered in this episode: Advent of Code starts today Django 6 is coming Advanced, Overlooked Python Typing codespell Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by us! Support our work through: Our courses at Talk Python Training The Complete pytest Course Patreon Supporters Connect with the hosts Michael: @[email protected] / @mkennedy.codes (bsky) Brian: @[email protected] / @brianokken.bsky.social Show: @[email protected] / @pythonbytes.fm (bsky) Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Monday at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Brian #1: Advent of Code starts today A few changes, like 12 days this year, which honestly, I’m grateful for. See also: elf: Advent of Code CLI helper for Python Michael #2: Django 6 is coming Expected December 2025 Django 6.0 supports Python 3.12, 3.13, and 3.14 Built-in support for the Content Security Policy (CSP) standard is now available, making it easier to protect web applications against content injection attacks such as cross-site scripting (XSS). The Django Template Language now supports template partials, making it easier to encapsulate and reuse small named fragments within a template file. Django now includes a built-in Tasks framework for running code outside the HTTP request–response cycle. This enables offloading work, such as sending emails or processing data, to background workers. Email handling in Django now uses Python’s modern email API, introduced in Python 3.6. This API, centered around the <code>email.message.EmailMessage</code> class Brian #3: Advanced, Overlooked Python Typing get_args, TypeGuard, TypeIs, and more goodies Michael #4: codespell Learned from this PR for the Talk Python book. Fix common misspellings in text files. It's designed primarily for checking misspelled words in source code (backslash escapes are skipped), but it can be used with other files as well. It does not check for word membership in a complete dictionary, but instead looks for a set of common misspellings. Therefore it should catch errors like "adn", but it will not catch "adnasdfasdf". It shouldn't generate false-positives when you use a niche term it doesn't know about. Extras Brian: Is mkdocs maintained? Hatch 1.16 Michael: Follow up on tach from Gerben Dekker: tach has been unmaintained for a bit but is not anymore. It was the main product from Gauge which is a Y combinator startup that pivoted to something unrelated and abandoned tach. However, https://github.com/DetachHead forked it but now got access to the main repo and has committed to maintaining it. ruff analyze graph is fully independent of tach - we actually started to look into alternatives for tach when it became unmaintained and then found ruff analyze graph. For our use case, with just a bit of manipulation on top of ruff analyze graph we replaced our use of deptry (which was slower - and I try to be careful depending on one-man projects). A Review of Michael Kennedy’s book, “Talk Python in Production” - Thanks Doug Joke: NoaaS

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• #459 Inverted dependency trees

  Topics covered in this episode: PEP 814 – Add frozendict built-in type From Material for MkDocs to Zensical Tach Some Python Speedups in 3.15 and 3.16 Extras Joke About the show Sponsored by us! Support our work through: Our courses at Talk Python Training The Complete pytest Course Patreon Supporters Connect with the hosts Michael: @[email protected] / @mkennedy.codes (bsky) Brian: @[email protected] / @brianokken.bsky.social Show: @[email protected] / @pythonbytes.fm (bsky) Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Monday at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Michael #0: Black Friday is on at Talk Python What’s on offer: An AI course mini bundle (22% off) 20% off our entire library via the Everything Bundle (what's that? ;) ) The new Talk Python in Production book (25% off) Brian: This is peer pressure in action 20% off The Complete pytest Course bundle (use code BLACKFRIDAY) through November or use save50 for 50% off, your choice. Python Testing with pytest, 2nd edition, eBook (50% off with code save50) also through November I would have picked 20%, but it’s a PragProg wide thing Michael #1: PEP 814 – Add frozendict built-in type by Victor Stinner & Donghee Na A new public immutable type frozendict is added to the builtins module. We expect frozendict to be safe by design, as it prevents any unintended modifications. This addition benefits not only CPython’s standard library, but also third-party maintainers who can take advantage of a reliable, immutable dictionary type. To add to existing frozen types in Python. Brian #2: From Material for MkDocs to Zensical Suggested by John Hagen A lot of people, me included, use Material for MkDocs as our MkDocs theme for both personal and professional projects, and in-house docs. This plugin for MkDocs is now in maintenance mode The development team is switching to working on Zensical, a static site generator to overcome some technical limitations with MkDocs. There’s a series of posts about the transition and reasoning Transforming Material for MkDocs Zensical – A modern static site generator built by the creators of Material for MkDocs Material for MkDocs Insiders – Now free for everyone Goodbye, GitHub Discussions Material for MkDocs still around, but in maintenance mode all insider features now available to everyone Zensical is / will be compatible with Material for Mkdocs, can natively read mkdocs.yml, to assist with the transition Open Source, MIT license funded by an offering for professional users: Zensical Spark Michael #3: Tach Keep the streak: pip deps with uv + tach From Gerben Decker We needed some more control over linting our dependency structure, both internal and external. We use tach (which you covered before IIRC), but also some home built linting rules for our specific structure. These are extremely easy to build using an underused feature of ruff: "uv run ruff analyze graph --python python_exe_path .". Example from an app I’m working on (shhhhh not yet announced!) Brian #4: Some Python Speedups in 3.15 and 3.16 A Plan for 5-10%* Faster Free-Threaded JIT by Python 3.16 5% faster by 3.15 and 10% faster by 3.16 Decompression is up to 30% faster in CPython 3.15 Extras Brian: LeanTDD book issue tracker Michael: No. 4 for dependencies: Inverted dep trees from Bob Belderbos Joke: git pull inception

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• #458 I will install Linux on your computer

  Topics covered in this episode: Possibility of a new website for Django aiosqlitepool deptry browsr Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by us! Support our work through: Our courses at Talk Python Training The Complete pytest Course Patreon Supporters Connect with the hosts Michael: @[email protected] / @mkennedy.codes (bsky) Brian: @[email protected] / @brianokken.bsky.social Show: @[email protected] / @pythonbytes.fm (bsky) Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Monday at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Brian #1: Possibility of a new website for Django Current Django site: djangoproject.com Adam Hill’s in progress redesign idea: django-homepage.adamghill.com Commentary in the Want to work on a homepage site redesign? discussion Michael #2: aiosqlitepool 🛡️A resilient, high-performance asynchronous connection pool layer for SQLite, designed for efficient and scalable database operations. About 2x better than regular SQLite. Pairs with aiosqlite aiosqlitepool in three points: Eliminates connection overhead: It avoids repeated database connection setup (syscalls, memory allocation) and teardown (syscalls, deallocation) by reusing long-lived connections. Faster queries via "hot" cache: Long-lived connections keep SQLite's in-memory page cache "hot." This serves frequently requested data directly from memory, speeding up repetitive queries and reducing I/O operations. Maximizes concurrent throughput: Allows your application to process significantly more database queries per second under heavy load. Brian #3: deptry “deptry is a command line tool to check for issues with dependencies in a Python project, such as unused or missing dependencies. It supports projects using Poetry, pip, PDM, uv, and more generally any project supporting PEP 621 specification.” “Dependency issues are detected by scanning for imported modules within all Python files in a directory and its subdirectories, and comparing those to the dependencies listed in the project's requirements.” Note if you use project.optional-dependencies [project.optional-dependencies] plot = ["matplotlib"] test = ["pytest"] you have to set a config setting to get it to work right: [tool.deptry] pep621_dev_dependency_groups = ["test", "docs"] Michael #4: browsr browsr 🗂️ is a pleasant file explorer in your terminal. It's a command line TUI (text-based user interface) application that empowers you to browse the contents of local and remote filesystems with your keyboard or mouse. You can quickly navigate through directories and peek at files whether they're hosted locally, in GitHub, over SSH, in AWS S3, Google Cloud Storage, or Azure Blob Storage. View code files with syntax highlighting, format JSON files, render images, convert data files to navigable datatables, and more. Extras Brian: Understanding the MICRO TDD chapter coming out later today or maybe tomorrow, but it’s close. Michael: Peacock is excellent Joke: I will find you

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• #457 Tapping into HTTP

  Topics covered in this episode: httptap 10 Smart Performance Hacks For Faster Python Code FastRTC Explore Python dependencies with pipdeptree and uv pip tree Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by us! Support our work through: Our courses at Talk Python Training The Complete pytest Course Patreon Supporters Connect with the hosts Michael: @[email protected] / @mkennedy.codes (bsky) Brian: @[email protected] / @brianokken.bsky.social Show: @[email protected] / @pythonbytes.fm (bsky) Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Monday at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Michael #1: httptap Rich-powered CLI that breaks each HTTP request into DNS, connect, TLS, wait, and transfer phases with waterfall timelines, compact summaries, or metrics-only output. Features Phase-by-phase timing – precise measurements built from httpcore trace hooks (with sane fallbacks when metal-level data is unavailable). All HTTP methods – GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS with request body support. Request body support – send JSON, XML, or any data inline or from file with automatic Content-Type detection. IPv4/IPv6 aware – the resolver and TLS inspector report both the address and its family. TLS insights – certificate CN, expiry countdown, cipher suite, and protocol version are captured automatically. Multiple output modes – rich waterfall view, compact single-line summaries, or -metrics-only for scripting. JSON export – persist full step data (including redirect chains) for later processing. Extensible – clean Protocol interfaces for DNS, TLS, timing, visualization, and export so you can plug in custom behavior. Example: Brian #2: 10 Smart Performance Hacks For Faster Python Code Dido Grigorov A few from the list Use math functions instead of operators Avoid exception handling in hot loops Use itertools for combinatorial operations - huge speedup Use bisect for sorted list operations - huge speedup Michael #3: FastRTC The Real-Time Communication Library for Python: Turn any python function into a real-time audio and video stream over WebRTC or WebSockets. Features 🗣️ Automatic Voice Detection and Turn Taking built-in, only worry about the logic for responding to the user. 💻 Automatic UI - Use the .ui.launch() method to launch the webRTC-enabled built-in Gradio UI. 🔌 Automatic WebRTC Support - Use the .mount(app) method to mount the stream on a FastAPI app and get a webRTC endpoint for your own frontend! ⚡️ Websocket Support - Use the .mount(app) method to mount the stream on a FastAPI app and get a websocket endpoint for your own frontend! 📞 Automatic Telephone Support - Use the fastphone() method of the stream to launch the application and get a free temporary phone number! 🤖 Completely customizable backend - A Stream can easily be mounted on a FastAPI app so you can easily extend it to fit your production application. See the Talk To Claude demo for an example of how to serve a custom JS frontend. Brian #4: Explore Python dependencies with <code>pipdeptree</code> and <code>uv pip tree</code> Suggested by Nicholas Carsner We have covered it, but in 2017 on episode 17. pipdeptree Use pipdeptree --python auto to allow it to read your venv uv pip tree Also check out uv pip tree and some useful flags --show-version-specifiers to show the rules --outdated notes packages that need updated Extras Brian: Lean TDD 0.1.1 includes an updated intro and another chapter, “Essential Components” VSCode Peacock Extension - color code your different projects Joke: Sure Grandma

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