History of the World podcast

For decades, Ottoman expansion had transformed the Mediterranean. Venice was threatened, Cyprus was under attack, and old European rivals faced a difficult choice: cooperate or confront the Ottomans alone. Into this crisis stepped two very different commanders, one an ambitious young prince, the other a trusted Ottoman servant. Their paths were about to collide at sea — at the Battle of Lepanto.

What separates an ape from a human? Two million years ago, a small, primitive creature appeared in Africa with a larger brain, dexterous hands and an intriguing association with stone tools. Scientists called it Homo habilis — Handy Man. But was this really one of the first humans, or simply another branch of our evolutionary family? The debate continues to this day.

1566 - 1737 - The Ottoman Empire stands at the height of its power, yet a new reign brings fresh ambitions, dangerous rivalries and growing challenges. As the Mediterranean becomes the centre of an epic struggle, the balance of power begins to shift. Join me as we explore the personalities, politics and decisions that shaped one of history's most fascinating empires and its uncertain future.

Three million years ago, our ancestors were walking upright across the African landscape, leaving footprints that still survive today. They were not human, yet they were no longer simply ape-like creatures either. In this episode, we follow the clues left by Lucy, the Laetoli Footprints, and other remarkable discoveries to uncover the story of the Australopithecines and our distant origins.

1565 - A tiny island stood between one of history’s greatest empires and its ambitions in the Mediterranean. Outnumbered, isolated, and facing seemingly impossible odds, a brotherhood of warrior monks prepared for a confrontation that would test courage, endurance, and faith to their limits. This is the story of a siege that would echo across Europe for generations.