¡Volvimos con una nueva temporada! Y empezamos con este episodio hablando sobre unos hongos que "comen" radiación, ¿o no? ¿cómo es posible que ciertos hongos no solo resistan la radiación, sino que parezcan beneficiarse de ella?
Para contextualizar esta historia exploramos qué son realmente la radiación y la radiactividad, por qué no son lo mismo y qué fue lo que ocurrió en Chernobyl hace ya 40 años.
Referencias
Arnaise, S., Shykoff, J. A., Møller, A. P., Mousseau, T. A., & Giraud, T. (2020). Anther-smut fungi from more contaminated sites in Chernobyl show lower infection ability and lower viability following experimental irradiation. Ecology and Evolution, 10(13), 6409–6420. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6376
Bland, J., Gribble, L. A., Hamel, M. C., et al. (2022). Evaluating changes in growth and pigmentation of Cladosporium cladosporioides and Paecilomyces variotii in response to gamma and ultraviolet irradiation. Scientific Reports, 12, 12142. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16063-z
Dadachova, E., Bryan, R. A., Huang, X., Moadel, T., Schweitzer, A. D., Aisen, P., Nosanchuk, J. D., & Casadevall, A. (2007). Ionizing radiation changes the electronic properties of melanin and enhances the growth of melanized fungi. PLoS ONE, 2(5), e457. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000457
Dadachova, E., & Casadevall, A. (2008). Ionizing radiation: How fungi cope, adapt, and exploit with the help of melanin. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 11(6), 525–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2008.09.013
Dadachova, E., Bryan, R. A., Howell, R. C., Schweitzer, A. D., Aisen, P., Nosanchuk, J. D., & Casadevall, A. (2008). The radioprotective properties of fungal melanin are a function of its chemical composition, stable radical presence and spatial arrangement. Bioelectromagnetics, 29(6), 467–476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-148X.2007.00430.x
Lovett, R. A. (2019, June 28). Space station mold survives 200 times the radiation dose that would kill a human. Science. https://www.science.org/content/article/space-station-mold-survives-200-times-radiation-dose-would-kill-human
Møller, A. P., & Mousseau, T. A. (2016). Are organisms adapting to ionizing radiation at Chernobyl? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 31(4), 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.01.005
Tran-Ly, A. N., Reyes, C., Schwarze, F. W. M. R., & Ribera, J. (2020). Microbial production of melanin and its various applications. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 36(11), 170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02941-z
Zhdanova, N. N., Tugay, T., Dighton, J., Zheltonozhsky, V., & McDermott, P. (2004). Ionizing radiation attracts soil fungi. Mycological Research, 108(9), 1089–1096. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204000966